Friday, June 21, 2024

A History of Coffee Making Inventions

It's quite brief and exceedingly non-comprehensive, this history of coffee-making inventions.

But, coffee! Coffee is delicious and some of us can't morning without it. AND some of the earliest patents that still make sense in modern society are for coffee brewing. 

For example, this 1838 (only a few years after the original patent office was lost to fire) patent, no. 952, Apparatus for Making Coffee and Tea, still looks much like a simple camping coffee pot. It is clearly recognizable as some kind of kettle.

Utility patent no. 952 figures 1 and 2 showing a coffee pot innovation
I think it's pretty obviously some kind of kettle
A few decades later, in 1865, we have some improvements for a Coffee-Percolator, patent no. 51,741.  Nason's percolator is decidedly more complex, including some springs to help facilitate the expansion during heating/percolating. Nonetheless, it could still be recognizable to anyone today who makes coffee with a stove top percolator. 
The figure drawing of an improved coffee percolator from US patent no. 51,741
Check out that spring action!
But that doesn't mean there haven't been any changes or improvements in percolators. After all, over a century later, this percolator basket assembly was one of a few 1970s patents obtained by Corning Glass Works--the company that owns Pyrex--for their unique, new, sturdier take on a stove top percolator. Percolator Pump and Basket Assembly, patent no. 3,803,998, is essentially what inspired this post. We have a vintage Pyrex glass percolator on my stove. And, thanks to this position's curse, it got me thinking about coffee maker patents. 
Figures 1 and 2 from US patent no. 3,803,998 for a Pyrex percolator pump and basket assembly
It's not exactly the same as what I use
A photo of a vintage Pyrex coffee percolator, unwashed, on a stove
We drink vintage patented coffee in the Edlund-Arthur household
(I've decided to skip over electric percolators, because while that is also an innovation in coffee brewing, it is also less interesting to me.)

Coffee makers have become very sophisticated machines, even when they aren't restaurant grade or large affairs. For example, the Keurig K-Cup system changed how many people prepare and brew their coffee. In 1994, Keurig obtained patent no. 5,325,765 for this Beverage Filter Cartridge, which is very similar to what we now see lining shelves in stores. 

The front page of a US patent no. 5,325,765 for a Keurig beverage filter cartridge
The first K-Cup iteration
About ten years later, in 2004, Keurig would be granted a patent for their puncturing system that is common to many single-use pod coffee brewing systems today. Patent no. 6,708,600 describes the system in Puncturing and Venting of Single Serve Beverage Filter Cartridge. I have something very similar in my kitchen (but I've upgraded to a reusable pod).
Figure 1 from US patent no 6,708,600 showing a cutaway view of the functions for the puncturing and venting of a single use beverage catridge
It looks exceedingly complex in this dissected view

An image of a Keurig K-Cup coffee brewer showing a reusable coffee pod and the piercing mechanism
Reduce, reuse, recycle!
Keurig hasn't stopped updating their machines, applying for and receiving patents for a number of improvements. Here's a more recent example, a 2018 patent, no. 10,136,754, for  Beverage Machine Cartridge Holder. This cartridge holder is size adjustable, which I can appreciate, because I bought an off-brand reusable pod for my first Keurig and found it didn't fit. 
An image of a Keurig K-Cup coffee maker with the beverage filter cardtridge holder removed
This is not the same coffee maker in the patent nor is it the first model I purchased that had size issues
For those of you who love some iced coffee, there are patented machines for making specific styles. Among some of the most recently granted patents is no. 12,004,677, Japanese-Style Iced Coffee Maker. I've never been a huge fan of iced coffee unless it's a dessert coffee, but I can understand the appeal on some steamy Houston mornings.
Figure 5 from US patent no. 12,004,677 for Japanese style iced coffee
Ice included in the patent figure, just in case

Let me know if you'd like to see some other coffee IP. I rather conspicuously picked patents that were most interesting and familiar to my own coffee habits, but I'd be interested in learning about potential Chemex style patents, or who had one of the first drip coffee brewers patented in the US, for example. I know there are many librarians who survive via coffee, so don't be shy to let me know in comments!

Friday, June 14, 2024

Specifically St. Arnold's IP (Hoppy Anniversary!)

I previously wrote about a tiny selection of St. Arnold's trademarks for Beer Bike in a 2023 post, but as we celebrated the 30th anniversary of the oldest craft brewery in Houston on the 8th, I wanted to revisit the topic. There is always more IP to be found, and perhaps more than just trademarks! We could even speculate about trade secrets. So open your choice of carbonated beverage, be it an IPA, amber, or root beer, and settle in for a little local innovation.

Unfortunately, I was unable to find anything that could potentially be a patent for St. Arnold's, yet again. It's not the first time I've tried. There are many reasons a brewery might have a patent, but the primary reason I've looked more than once is due to my memories of some Saturday tours years ago, from before their more recent major expansion in size. 

Please note that this is coming exclusively from my memory, so if anything is wrong, I apologize in advance. During one of my visits, I recall Brock Wagner explained how they encountered an issue when trying to move one of the ingredients--perhaps the grain??--from its storage to the actual brewing vats. Just like you'd expect of any good Rice graduate, they managed to create an innovative solution. I remember it was based on some basic tools, like chain links and pipe, was perfectly functional yet elegantly simple. I only wish I could find some photos of it, to verify my memory. I sincerely hope this isn't untrue; and I've also sincerely hoped someone might have tried to patent the idea. Alas, neither have panned out in my favor so far.

However, St. Arnold's does own many marks, especially as they've expanded over the past three decades. I found, in a very basic search for marks by owner, 18 in the USPTO database. Not all are live; 5 are dead. Of the 13 live marks, one is pending.

The dead marks include the abandoned word marks for Saint Arnold, taproom and bar services; Divine Reserve, beer; Saint Arnold Summerfest, beer; and Headliner, beer. Weedwacker, worldmark, for beer, was cancelled. 

The one pending but live mark is for Hop Spring, a hoppy, non-alcoholic sparkling water.

12 more marks exist, all as word marks, and mostly for specific beers offered: Santo, Art Car IPA, Pumpkinator, Lawnmower, Tarnation. Of course, there is one for Saint Arnold, with various beers listed. It was first registered in July, 1994.

What is most disappointing about these marks is that they are all simply word marks. As best as I can tell, there aren't any for the designs. The stylized Santo, Saint Arnold with his Texas sun/moon and beer stein, event the serif font with signature red color like their building seem like they should be protected.

I certainly associate this bishop image with their product
At least the labels are interesting, here's a specimen from the Lawnmower TSDR record:
Lawnmower always tastes like summer and baseball games to me
I suppose I can close this out with a trade secret speculation, since I suggested it above. While they may not officially have any, I imagine some of the exact brew recipes are held pretty closely and aren't shared with just anyone. The proliferation of microbreweries, and the increase in home brewing that was popular a few years back, could have made it important. Although any beer that isn't technically an adjunct has the exact same three ingredients (water, barley and hops), there is a ton of variation on the types of hop, the ratios of each, and the steps taken. Reproducing a Saint Arnold beer would take either extensive and excessive experimentation or some advance knowledge. So I'll just say it's possible they have some beer formulas that are protected. After all, each recipe is IP.

Friday, June 7, 2024

Albert Einstein, Patent Examiner

 Did you know that Albert Einstein worked at the Swiss patent office in the early 1900s? I did not, until a patron asked about his work with the USPTO. I felt like that was a little factoid I would know, because the USPTO would absolutely love to tell people about it, so I decided to do a little research.

As it turns out, Einstein was not employed by the US Patent Office. However, he did work for the Swiss Federal Institute of Intellectual Property.

Much like I had imagined the USPTO would have done had it employed Einstein, the Swiss IGE proudly boasts of his time there between 1902 and 1909, and even has a group of webpages dedicated to information about his time there. 

I wanted to try to search for patents he has examined, but it turns out most patents that old are not well-indexed enough to search for with very specific parameters. Of course the Swiss IGE has a few listed that he most likely examined personally (with a disclaimer) because they aren't 100% certain either. From my point of view, it's also not nearly as fun as trying to craft the exact query phrase to find just his patents. 

If you're interested in learning more, here's a link to the Swiss IGE page about Einstein.

And here's a list of the patents they believe he examined personally, copied from their page:   

    Alternative-current commentator motor with short-circuit brushes and opposite-mounted auxiliary coils for spark suppression

Anyway, check back next week for a lengthier post about IP I was able to actually search for a post.